Stress and stain :: essays research papers

Simple Stress and StrainThe strength of visibles are expressed from the point of view of machine designer. A machine designer needs to know the properties of different materials so that he potbelly select the most suitable material for each part of a machine. A machine designer uses his information of strain to make sure that the stress is reasonable and that each part of the machine is sufficiently strong. Strength of materials is the scientific area of applied mechanics for the study of the strength of engineering materials and their mechanical behavior in general (such as stress, deformation, strain and stress-strain relations). Strength is considered in name of compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear strength, namely the limit states of compressive stress, tensile stress and shear stress respectively.One can see the importance of stress and strain. They are an trait of how severely the part in machine is loaded and how it is a factor that determines whether the fo rces applied are reasonable. Stress and strain always occur together. When a material is subjected to stress, it deforms, and when a material is deformed there must be strain. If the stress and strain are not the same for all materials, then it is found by experiments There is a relation between the stress and the strain for any given material. It said, when the relationship between the two are given, the stress and the strain can be found in one another. All materials deform when subjected to stress and it is necessary to be able to calculate the deformation of a body beneath load, because in most cases the deformation is more momentous than the stress. Stress is in all probability the most imperative word in the subject calculate of strength of materials. Stress is defined as force per unit area. It has the same units as pressure, and in fact pressure is one special variety of stress. However, stress is a much more complex quantity than pressure because it varies both with direc tion and with the surface it acts on. The simple stress are compression (stress that acts to shorten an object), accent (stress that acts to lengthen an object), and shear (stress that acts parallel to a surface). Shear can cause one object to slide over another. It also tends to deform originally immaterial objects into parallelograms. The most general definition is that shear acts to change the angles in an object.

The Function of the Shawl in Ozicks The Shawl Essay -- Cynthia Ozick

The Function of the Shawl in Ozicks The Shawl Suffering becomes a way of life for Magda, Stella and genus genus Rosa, as they struggle to survive during the Holocaust. During these trying times, any(prenominal) cling to ideals and dreams, while others find unusual vessels of hope like the shawl to perdure in their austere living conditions. Although the shawl becomes a source of conflict between Magda, Stella and Rosa in this narrative, it also serves as a pivotal force and a motivational factor. In Ozicks The Shawl, a small wrap allows its owners to triumph over the adversities of a concentration camp, the magic shawl comforts, nourishes, nurtures and prolongs life. For Magda, the shawl serves as a magical place, a place of transition and latent life, it acts as a figurative surrogate mother, a pacifier, victuals and comfort. Hidden away in her warm little cocoon, Magda is not only protected but concealed from the Nazis. When she is wrapped up in the shawl on Rosas chest as an infant, Magda is mistaken for Rosas breasts, she would have been dead already, but had been buried deep inside the magic shawl (paragraph 6). If it wasnt for the shawls protection, Magda could not have been soothed and comforted by warmth and nourishment as she was during her short life. Not only is the shawl her cocoon, it is also a pacifier for starving Magdas screams, it nourishes her with its good flavor, milk of linen (paragraph 3) for three days and three nights (paragraph 4). Magda sucks it and wraps herself in it to be very still (paragraph 7) and she guards her shawl like a tiger (paragraph 7). Her instinct is to protect the one thing she knows and loves, the shawl has provided Magda with the basic necessities she need... ...tic and unimaginable of circumstances. Despite the horrifying circumstances she faces, a malnourished, selfless Rosa tries her hardest to be the best mother she can be to her innocent child. Unable to continuously keep Magda safe, nourish ed and comforted, Rosa counts on the shawl to keep Magda out of harms way, the shawl indirectly becomes a great source of comfort for Rosa because it allows her to know that her baby is safe and sound. Stella wants this comfort, this protection, and so she steals the shawl and murders Magda. In Ozicks The Shawl, the shawl serves as a source of comfort, nourishment, protection, and life, for Magda, Stella and Rosa during the Holocaust.WORKS CITEDOzick, Cynthia. The Shawl. Literature An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts. quaternate Compact Ed. Upper Saddle River Prentice Hall, 2008. 230-233.

Divorce Laws in the United States Essay examples -- Family Law

divorcement is a decree by a chat up that a valid marri age no longer exists. It leaves both conk outies free to remarry. The court will award custody, divide property, and order spousal and child support (The American Bar Association 71).till death do us part is almost always heard at wedding ceremonies. But all too often does this phrase not hold up to its true meaning. between 1960 and 1999 the dissever rate in the United States tripled (Porterfield vii). Out of all first age marriages, 41% end in divorce (Divorce Rate). According to the Centers for Disease hear and Prevention, for every 1,000 people, 6.8 get married and 3.4 of those marriages will end in divorce (Marriage and Divorce). The Family Legal Guide from The American Bar Association confirms that of the couples who marry before the age of forty-five, one-half of them will get divorced (71). These numbers do not seem to be decreasing. They only seem to be increasing as time goes on. It is agreed by many that if two people can no longer find it in themselves to be passionate towards one another and they no longer desire the others company that they should end their marriage. However, the growing number of divorces is proving that, perhaps getting a divorce in the United States is too easy. The evidence proves that divorce laws should be made stricter throughout the United States.Every divorce is different no two divorces are the same. Some involve children. Some are proficient a couple. Some have step children or half children. Some include hostile situations. Some are peaceful. Some are for a valid reason. Some are simply because the couple doesnt feel like being together anymore. Some are mutual. Some are not. So why is every divorce so quickly done and so easily ob... ...2. Marriage and Divorce. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 5 Oct. 2010. Web. 26 Feb. 2012.Porterfield, Kay Marie. Straight Talk just about Divorce. New York Facts on File, 1999. Print. Portnoy, Ph.D. Sanford. A Lawyers Primer Part 1- The Effects of Divorce on Adults. Ed. Ron Brown. The Psychology of Divorce. 1(2006) 1-7. Print.Russo, Francine. Can The Government Prevent Divorce? The Atlantic. Oct. 1997. Web. 1 Apr. 2012.Shapiro v. Thompson. 2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. U.S. Supreme Court. 21 Apr. 1969. Print.Tavernise, Sabrina, and Robert Gebeloff. Once Rare in Rural American, Divorce is Changaing the Face of Its Families. www.Nytimes.com. The New York Times. 23 Mar. 2011. Web. 27 Feb. 2012.The American Bar Association. Family Legal Guide. 3rd ed. New York Random House, 2004. 71-88. Print.

The Importance of the Sea in The Awakening Essay -- Chopin Awakening

The Importance of the Sea in The Awakening Throughout her novel, The Awakening, Kate Chopin uses symbolism and imagery to portray the main characters way out into a state of spiritual awareness. The image that appears the most throughout the novel is that of the sea. Chopin uses the sea to symbolize freedom, freedom from others and freedom to be ones self (Martin 58). The protagonist, Edna Pontellier, wants that freedom, and with images of the sea, Chopin shows Ednas awakening craving to be free and her ultimate achievement of that freedom. Ednas awakening begins with her vacation to the beach. There, she meets Robert Lebrun and develops an intense infatuation for him, an infatuation similar to those which she had in her youth and gave up when she married. The passionate feelings set-back to overwhelm her are both confusing and exciting. They lead to Edna beginning to ponder what her life is like and what she is like as a person. The spell of the sea influences these feelings which imbibe the soul . . . to lose itself in mazes of inward contemplation (Chopin 57). Edna begins to fall under the seas spell and begins to evaluate her feelings about the life that she has. During the summer of Ednas awakening, the seas influence increases as she learns how to swim, an government issue which holds much more significance that her fellow vacationers realize. To her friends, she has accomplished a simple feat to Edna, she has accomplished a miracle (Showalter 114). She has found a peace and tranquility in swimming which gives her the feeling of freedom. The narrator tells us that as she swims, she seems to be reaching out for the unlimited in which to lose herself (Chopin 74). She sees the freedom t... ...ms out into the ocean for the nett time, she finds her ultimate freedom. In the end, the sea symbolizes freedom for Edna. It forget never treat her as a possession like her husband has for so many years. It will not demand all of her time and attention a s her children do. It will never abandon her as Robert does. It will enfold her in its soft, close address (Chopin 176) and allow her to experience the vast array of feelings that her life has forbidden her to do. The sea will allow her to be free. Works Cited and Consulted Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. 1899. The Complete Works of Kate Chopin. Ed. Per Seyersted. Baton pigment Louisiana State UP, 1969. 881-1000. Martin, Wendy, ed. New Essays on the Awakening. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1988. Showalter, Elaine. Tradition and the Female Talent The Awakening as a Solitary Book. 1993

Essay on Oedipus the King and Macbeth :: comparison compare contrast essays

Oedipus the King and Macbeth Who would have thought that being a king would be so difficult? Oedipus and Macbeth atomic number 18 both kings that seem to have a lot of trouble staying king. The similarities do not stop there. Macbeth and Oedipus are similar in a variety of ways. The interesting thing is that they are also very different and still suffer the same fate. These similarities and differences teach us a valuable lesson about power. Oedipus and Macbeth have single main similarity they are kings who take a fall through faults of their own. Both pop off kings by reacting to what the supernatural forces tell them. If the supernatural forces had never influenced the two, neither would have tried to become king. The role of supernatural forces is important for both heroes. The oracle instructs Oedipus to take revenge upon the murderer of the former king, Laios, in order to stop the plague Macbeth is told by the one-third weird sisters that he will be king. How the two her oes interpret the messages of the supernatural forces is their downfall. Both interpret the messages as absolute fact. Macbeth becomes too confident because of the words of the sisters and gets himself killed. Oedipus tries to beat the murderer of Laios only to discover that he himself is the killer. Both are very prosperous to begin with and would have lived long and comfortable lives if they had just left healthful enough alone. But these two teach us a lesson because they both are dethroned at the end of the plays. However, there are some big differences betwixt the two and how they fall. Oedipus is the better person of the two. He becomes king by saving the city of Thebes from the Sphinx, a very noble deed. Macbeth helps to save Scotland but is only one soldier in a huge army that fights off the attackers. Oedipus shows pride by thinking that he alone can save the city from the plague, but he wants to save the city, and he has the citizens first in his mind. Oedipus addresses the citizens Poor children You may be sure I know All that you longed for in your coming here. I know that you are deathly sick and yet, Sick as your are, not one is as sick as I. (1019) Macbeth, on the other hand, murders Duncan in wintry blood to gain the kingship.

Essay on Oedipus the King and Macbeth :: comparison compare contrast essays

Oedipus the King and Macbeth Who would have thought that being a king would be so difficult? Oedipus and Macbeth are both kings that seem to have a lot of trouble staying king. The similarities do not stop there. Macbeth and Oedipus are similar in a variety of ways. The interesting thing is that they are also very different but still suffer the same fate. These similarities and differences teach us a expensive lesson about power. Oedipus and Macbeth have one main similarity they are kings who take a fall through faults of their own. Both become kings by reacting to what the supernatural forces declare them. If the supernatural forces had never influenced the two, neither would have tried to become king. The role of supernatural forces is important for both heroes. The oracle instructs Oedipus to take revenge upon the murderer of the causation king, Laios, in order to stop the plague Macbeth is told by the three weird sisters that he will be king. How the two heroes go through t he messages of the supernatural forces is their downfall. Both interpret the messages as absolute fact. Macbeth becomes too confident because of the words of the sisters and gets himself killed. Oedipus tries to find the murderer of Laios only to discover that he himself is the killer. Both are very prosperous to father with and would have lived long and comfortable lives if they had just left well enough alone. But these two teach us a lesson because they both are dethroned at the end of the plays. However, there are some big differences between the two and how they fall. Oedipus is the better person of the two. He becomes king by saving the city of Thebes from the Sphinx, a very noble deed. Macbeth helps to save Scotland but is only one soldier in a huge army that fights off the attackers. Oedipus shows pride by sentiment that he alone can save the city from the plague, but he wants to save the city, and he has the citizens first in his mind. Oedipus addresses the citizens Poor children You may be authentic I know All that you longed for in your coming here. I know that you are deathly sick and yet, Sick as your are, not one is as sick as I. (1019) Macbeth, on the other hand, murders Duncan in cold blood to gain the kingship.

Determining a substance by tritration Essay

AimUsing the procedures of a standard acidulous base titration lab, the name and wreakress of this experiment is identifying the amount of Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that is presented in a atomic number 20 change bosom presented by our teacher.HypothesisDue to any unknown substance that we encounter in the chemistry room, we moldiness take serious precaution, as the substance may very well be highly contagious and heartbreaking to smell, touch or taste directly. The only ability that we posses that can be used to observer this substance is our vision that is going to help us in determining the concentration of the substance. Although that with vision only, it will not suffice the need that is necessary to make that judgment as we need quantitative data (finding the call for concentration of calcium carbonate). Unless we render prior knowledge about this substance, the processes of a titration must be used. My hypothesis begins that this has about 60% concentration.VariablesIn dependent Variable at that place is none in this experiment. The goal of this lab is not to include any variables that will change the concentration of the calcium carbonate. We need constant results for the concentration of the calcium carbonate, as that will determine the actual concentration of the calcium carbonate in our substance.Dependent VariableThe volume needed to titrate the calcium carbonate resolving by utilise the phenolphthalein indicator. Though it is a clear substance, the indicator will change its color into pink when the solution becomes a base from an acid. By determining the amount of hydrochloric acid is needed to change the color of the solution, we can determine the concentration of calcium carbonate through some deliberatenesss.Controlled Variables1. The Distilled Water The distilled piss will be the only water that will be used during the entire experiment. The distilled water was prep ared and resented by our teacher.2. The calcium carbonate substance The calcium carbonate substance was constant throughout the entire experiment.3. The Hydrochloric Acid The hydrochloric acid was one of the main components of this experiment. Therefore this acid was also prepared and presented by the teacher.4. all told Equipment All the same equipments such as the pipette and the filter subject were used throughout the experiment.Apparatus* Unknown white powdered substance* 50cm3 burette* 3 250cm3 Erlenmeyer flask* 200cm3 for hydrochloric acid* 0.1M of Sodium Hydroxide* Burette clamp* Retort stand* Distilled water* Goggles* strive paper* A funnel* Phenolphthalein indicator* A scale* Paper towel* A spoon* Pipette* Pipette sucker* White paperMethod1. First compensate up the retort stand and the retort clamp as indicated by the diagram below. Of course, the flask must be prepared in the subsequent steps. except unlike the diagram, place a white piece of paper beneath the flask so that the color change becomes more easily visible.2. After placin g the paper towel and scaling the scale, measure out approximately 10.0 grams of the unknown substance and record the exact mass3. Add 200cm3 of 1.00-mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid and stir until the reaction is complete.4. Filter the solution and withdraw 10cm3 using a pipette and make up to 100 cm3 in a volumetric flask.5. Titrate 10cm3 portions against a standard 0.1M NaOH using the phenolphthalein indicator.6. Record both quantitative and qualitative data.7. Repeat the process of titration three durations.Observation (Data Collection)Measurements* Mass of Calcium Carbonate solution* Burette Calcium Carbonate solution made using 250cm3volumetric flask with an uncertainty of ?0.5cm3* Pipette 25.0cm3 of 0.100moldm-3 NaOH(aq) ?0.04cm3Chemical EquationsBefore we delve into the calculations, it is best that we list the necessary chemical equations of this lab. One must note that in this experiment, that there were two chemical reactions. Firstly, the first experiment occurs when the whi te substance mixed with the HCl. The second chemical reaction took place when the HCl solution meets with the .1M of NaOH1.2.Qualitative DataDescription of the substance used and producedHydrochloric AcidClear, viscous,Calcium CarbonateWhite, powder formPhenolphthalein IndicatorClear solution, comes in a bottle, add as dropsSolution Produced in the endBubbly, white liquid, most of the unknown mixture dissolvedClear/pink throughout.Quantitative DataMeasurement preserve During the ExperimentTrial1234*Initial Burette Reading(ml?0.05cm3)0.000.000.000.00Final Burette Reading(ml?0.05cm3)5.455.905.605.40*To note, for the calculations below, the supervisor at the time suggested the best data to use would be the average of the HCl used because the numbers found were very consistent.CalculationsThe following steps were taken so to find the % by mass of CaCO3 in the mixture1. The moles of acid presented in 200cm3of 1.00 mol dm-3hydrochloric acid.2. The moles of acid presented in 10cm3of the a cid solution titrated.0.00056molof HCl3. Multiply the volume present in the volumetric flask.4. The total moles acids remaining after the reaction with CaCO35. Subtract the value in 4 from that obtained in 1 to find moles acid used.6. The stochiometric equation for the reaction of HCl and CaCO3Hydrochloric acid+Calcium carbonateCalcium chloride+water+Carbon dioxide-Therefore the molar ratio is 1 mole of calcium carbonate to 2 moles of hydrochloric acid7. Using this and the value in 5 to calculate the moles of CaCO3 present. Then calculate the mass of CaCO38. Using the value found in step 7 and the original mass of the mixture, here is the calculation to find percent of the mixture is made up of CaCO3Uncertainties****Total Uncertainty=ConclusionThis experiment in general was very interesting. During this lab, I was able to check of how we can identify the amount of a substance by knowing the concentration and volume of another. We were able to do so as we knew the moles and concentr ation of atomic number 11 hydroxide that had enabled us to find the unknown concentration of calcium carbonate.Because the actual percentage of CaCO3 was not given, we must concur that the accuracy of this lab has been affected and whence must be assessed by our uncertainty percentage. The percent of uncertainties represents the desultory errors that may have occurred, which either may make the measurements bigger or smaller than the pass judgment value, due to imprecise measurement. One way to avoid future random errors, better equipment may be needed, or repetition of the measurements. Despite the uncertainties based on lab equipments and other mediums of measurements, one of the biggest possible sources of error lies in the systematic errors of this lab, especially finding the exact terminal.Though the pink color should indicate when the endpoint is reached, in trial 2 and 3, the solution turned a faint pink color and my partners and I did not know whether that faint pink ind icated the endpoint. This could have resulted in a measurement lower than the actual value. To possibly improve this source of error, I believe more time and trials should be allotted to the students. When I was doing my experiment, we were only given a single class time to follow the procedures, write down our notes, and ashen up our experiment. If more time was allotted, then higher(prenominal) quality recordings could be made. This would then give us a clearer idea when the endpoint actually is.Next, though it is unlikely, to improve this lab we may have to sponge the burettes and other flasks prior to performing this lab. In my chemistry classroom, burettes and flasks are arranged so that the clean ones are clearly seen and labeled while the used ones are in the sink. However it could be possible that another student may have placed an unclean burette in the cabinet full of clean equipments. Therefore, for accuracy purposes, all equipment should be washed using soap and tissue s.Reviewing and understanding the errors can significantly improve this experiment. Though my hypothesis of the concentration being 60% calcium carbonate was wrong, this experiment taught me the value and usefulness of the process of titration.

Bondage and Escape in Sons & Lovers Essay

A major theme in Sons & Lovers is bondage and sidestep. Every major roughage is held hostage by another character or by their environment. Her husband, her family and her anger at the familys social status hold Mrs. Morel hostage. She has no friends to be seen or money of her own to use. Her escape from her bondage is her death. She was unhappy her whole smell and lived though another human as a source of happiness. She essentially lived her life through William and, after his death, through capital of Minnesota, which in a twist of irony, by doing so she is essentially keeping them in bondage.She wants William to move to town to get a considerably job and a good wife to help up their social status. When he does move and bring home a woman, she thinks she has finally arrived, only to be pushed back down with his death. William, who tack together a good upper class woman with Lily, brings her back to his familys home. He loves Lily, until he sees her behavior to his sister Lily t reats Annie like a servant. Although his mother likes Lily, he cannot stay with her and soon leaves her and then falls ill and dies. Williams death is his great escape from the bonds of his mother.When William dies Paul replaces him as Mrs. Morels dummy Paul leads his life as his mother wants him to, she keeps him in check, approves who he dates and even goes with him and speaks for him on his first job interview. The only thing redeeming Paul in this is that he knows that he is being tied down by his mother and is fighting a silent fight against her for his whole life. Although Mrs. Morel doesnt like Miriam, he keeps his relationship with her. Although Mrs. Morel doesnt want Paul to stay out late, on most occasions he breaks this rule also.The only thing that ever releases Paul from Mrs. Morels traction is her death. Mr. Morels captivity is the most literal. He is held captive by the mine every day he must work in the mine and the harder and long-lived he works, the more money he makes. He is held captive by money and a blue-collar cargoner. As a man, he ahs more options than Mrs. Morel, he can go to work, he can drink in the bar after work, he has his own money but still the mine is ever so there, calling him back with the lore of making more money next week.Miriam is held captive by Paul and by her own lofty hopes and dreams. Paul strings her along in their relationship, with no future for them in the relationship. This lack of future for them may be based on Mrs. Morels dislike of Miriam and by Pauls willingness to always please Mrs. Morel above him. Miriam is also held captive by her own dreams she envisions herself as a princess, not as the wife of an office clerk. She has aspirations that are unattainable, and therefore is kept down by her own refusal to settle with Paul.Clara is held captive also, but for the opposite reason that Miriam is Clara is levelheaded and stable and supporting herself with a job. She is in like manner levelheaded though an d will not allow herself to fall too much in love with Paul. She in the end seems to only head notwithstanding into captivity, by going back with her abusive husband. In conclusion, everyone of the major character is held in bondage and not all are able to make an escape from their bonds.

Crime is a Social Construct Essay

Crime is the product of the social expression it is embedded in the very fibres of society. In this es assign, I aim to explore disparate theories as to why law-breaking exists at heart society and how we as a society therefore construct it. Crime is a social construct it is perpetually in society and is on the increase. It is inevitable. Where does it come from? It comes from order, from the making of laws.Functionalists see iniquity deviation in society as a function, in that it serves to remind us, by means of public condemnation of those who ask broken the rules, of our sh ard values and norms. Furthermore, they suggest that crime is a result of structural tensions and a lack of moral regulations within society. If the aspirations held by individuals and groups in society do not coincide with the available rewards, this disparity between desires and fulfil manpowert will be felt in the aberrant motivations of some(a) of its members. This was the basis for Mertons Anom ie theory. (Robert Merton 1957)Emile Durkheim saw crime and deviance as social circumstanceors and believed both of them to be inevitable and necessary elements in late society. The people in that society argon less constrained than in traditional times. There is more room for the individual choice in a modern world and it is therefore inevitable that there will be some non-conformity. Durkheim recognises that no society would always be in complete consensus astir(predicate) the norms and values which govern it. He also saw that it was necessary for society in that it fulfils two important functions. Firstly, deviance is an adaptable function, and by introducing new ideas and challenges in society, it brings most change. Secondly, deviance promotes boundary maintenance between good and bad behaviours. It constantly keeps us aware of what acts society deems acceptable or not. (Durkheim 1964)The Positivist entree is simply about a deviants reaction to external forces beyond their control. The followers of the Interactionist theory, on the other hand, reject this positivist approach and say that it is due to the internal factors of the individual.The Marxism theory however, is structured towards the accumulation of wealth rather than social wishing. Edwin H Sutherland was the first sociologist to study this area known as sporty Collar Crime in 1949. Let us now look at crimes of the powerful and the less powerful. There are two main points deviance is a product of unequal power relations and equality in general. Despite the fact that the law is in favour of the dominant class, some of its members do break the rules for their own gain. Power and equality affect the quality of deviant acts. Thus, people that are more powerful are more likely to move in profitable deviant acts much(prenominal) as corporate crime i.e. bribery and corruption in business and politics, misconduct by professionals such as lawyers etc.On the other hand, the powerless are more likel y to commit less profitable deviant deeds such as burglary, thieving and armed robbery. (Ermann and Lundman 1996) Power, or rather social class, is therefore the key element which determines the type of deviance people are likely to carry out. The powerful are more likely to commit deviant acts because of something that is called Relative Deprivation. This is the feeling of being unable to achieve the high standards they set for themselves, compared with the powerless, whose standards are typically low. Their aspirations are so high that they become less achievable. The more that people experience this Relative Deprivation, the more likely they are to commit deviant acts. (Cookson and Persill 1985)Furthermore, the elite have more legitimate opportunities than the poor worker to commit crime i.e. A banker will have better opportunities to defraud customers for instance, and because of his status, the crime is less likely to be detected, whereas the poor worker would probably have to revive to robbing the bank, a much more visible crime. Furthermore, the powerful are subjected to weaker social control. They have more twine in the making and enforcement of control. The laws against higher status crime, the White Collar crime, are therefore relatively lenient and rarely enforced, only if the laws against crime which is committed by those with a lower status, are harsher and more often enforced because they are so visible and detected much more easily. The activities of White Collar crime occur on a daily basis, but there is no public outcry or moral panics about it and thereforeno legislation made, whereas, street crime attracts massive law enforcement. As Jeffrey Reiman (2001) so aptly stated, The rich get richer and the poor get prison.Interactionism was quite popular from sixties to 1970s. Max Weber and George Herbert Mead favour the Interactionist approach and suggest that crime is a social process, that crime is an interaction between the victim, the pol ice/officials and the offender. Crime is shaped by the nature of this interaction and this selective labelling, stigmatisation, negative labelling of those without power and more vulnerable. This approach focuses upon the interaction between deviance and those who define it as such, therefore the Labelling Theory. Howard F Becker, the collapse of this theory, argues that society creates deviance by making rules. Rules that when broken, constitute deviance, and by labelling those particular people as deviants, they are also labelling them as outsiders.Therefore, it is not the act of the person, but rather a consequence of presenting the rules by others to an offender. Deviant behaviour is behaviour that people so label. Becker suggests that in one sense there is no such thing as a deviant act. An act only becomes deviant when people define it as such, when they label it as such.Such labels largely overturn their status as workers, friends, parents etc and others see them negative ly. This labelling of people who commit crime, often results in the denial of an ordinary life to them, and because of this denial, out of necessity, they develop illegitimate routines and often resort to a life of crime. Thus, a criminal career is formed and the only way that they enkindle be a part of society, is by grouping with in any case people, and being part of a different type of society. It may be a criminal society, but at to the lowest degree they fulfil that human need to belong. This process results in what is known as the self-fulfilling prophecy i.e. a person is to be known as a criminal, he/she may as they may as well act that way.The Feminist approach is critical of the mainstream approaches in that they see them as male dominated and this gender bias is part of the structure ofthe Criminal Justice System, the majority of its personnel being male. Crime is specific to the gender, males being more violent and women committing softer crime such as benefit fraud, shoplift etc. This approach sees that there is a need for more support and resources for women and that anti-sexist training is necessary in the police force. These sociological theories are intended to apply to both sexes but feminists disagree. For example, Mertons anomie theory assumes that people are inclined to strive for material success, which is true for men but not inescapably for women, although this is on the increase. (Merton 1957) In the past women have been socialised differently to men. They are traditionally less interested in achieving material success as their step forward has been in the home.However, this social construct is changing, because women are being given more equal opportunities, and are more likely to strive for that material success, which would account for some increase in womens crime rates. (Chesney-Lind 1997Daly and Chesney-Lind1998) This may be an indication that opportunities for women are still far from equal. Anomie theory may apply if this is the case, as the opportunities available to women are lacking in relation to womens increasing desire for independence and material success, therefore causing the disparity that Merton talks about. Furthermore, men and women calculate the risk of arrest differently. Women are more aware of that risk and that awareness becomes a disincentive. Another interesting argument would be that it is a fact that over 90% of people convicted of crime, are male. ( washbowl Hagan et al 1996)Let us now examine how time and space has affected the way that society has constructed crime and deviance. For example, is the death penalty an act of murder? It is in some countries, but not in some US states. Is abortion an act of murder? What about war? Murder exists in some contexts as a crime and not in others. Crime then is a social construct which is ever changing according to time and space. It makes no sense to say that crime is a result of biochemistry only because crime is the result of politic al decision making, and we tin easily change those decisions according to different contexts, without changing our own biochemistry.In an effort to solve the crime problem then, our task is to determine how much of the crime problem is in fact the result of these definitions and political decisions, and what part is the result of broader sociological or biological forces.The government, in its efforts to tackle the crime problem, has fiddling regard for the way that working class people and their environments actually work. Its new measures to be tough on the causes of crime fail to question why these things happen, and hence how they might be prevented. Creeping inequalities in education, the health services, housing and pensions, contribute to the lack of belonging that people feel. This disconnected feeling of our seemingly society-less age can only contribute to the crime problem. It is time to review other methods because the governments endless clamping down on those who alr eady have the least stake in society is not the solution.BIBLIOGRAPHYBilton T, Bonnet K, Jones P, Skinner D, Stanworth M, Webster A (1996)Introductory Sociology (Third Edition)London, Macmillan Press Ltd.Goode E, Ben-Yehuda N (1994)Moral Panics The Social Construction of DevianceUSA, Blackwell.Hagan John et al 1996The Law and Politics Book Reviewhttp//www.unt.edu.lpbr/subpages/reviews/HaganJ.htmAccessed on 28 11 2002Haralambros and Holborn (1995)Sociology Themes and Perspectives (Fourth Edition)London, Harper Collins.Reiman Jeffrey (2001)The Law and Politics Book Reviewhttp//Paulsjusticepage.com/reiman.htmhttp//Paulsjusticepage.com/RichgetRicher/fraud.htmAccessed on 28 11 2002Taylor P, Richardson J, Yeo A, Marsh I, Trobe K, Pilkington A, Hughes G, Sharp K (1995)Sociology in FocusOrmskirk, Causeway Press Ltd.Williamson J (2000)Tough on Horridness Guardianhttp//society.guardian.co.uk/crimeandpunishment/comment/0,8146,839659,00.html accessed on 28 11 2002

Media Studies †Podcasting and Radio

Ben Hammersley of the Guardian first discussed the advent of podcasting technology only two years ago (Hammersley, 2004). Yet this saucyly created communications air has grown from being a small niche market with only six thousand hits on Google in 2004 according to Terdimann (2004) as comp bed to todays excess of forty-one million (Google, 2006). Podcasting has changed piano tuner with breathtaking speed, removing almost all barriers to access in ways that Internet communicate was never able to on its own. This paper will discuss how and why podcasting is the radio of the future because of its convenience, intimacy and ease of access.Podcasting DefinedIn simple terms, podcasting is a digital music bear down that is presented to the end user within an RSS feed, where RSS is a grouping of different feed formats used to update and publish web content. Users subscribe to an RSS to listen to audio files, are automatically updated each time a new file is uploaded, and can listen to the podcasts on any MP3 player. What makes podcasting unusual is the automatic updating portion of the organization sort of of having to return to a particular website to see if the content has been updated, the users subscribed-to feeds automatically deliver the content on-demand.A Brief History of Radio as connect to PodcastingInitially, radio was used in the late 19th century for users separated by geography to communicate. However, other people started overhearing these radio transmissions and slowly it became a center with which to talk to a larger populace, evidenced by BBCs start-up three decades later.It didnt take long for radio listeners to realize radios possible scope as shown by comments make in 1930The radio would be the finest possible communication apparatus in public life, a vast meshing of pipes. That is to say, it would be if it knew how to receive as well as to transmit, how to let the listener speak as well as hear, how to bring him into a relationship non isolating him (Bretcht, 1993).Interestingly, these comments seem to describe podcasting to a tee, as anyone can transmit information using this technology, with no higher authority monitoring its use.A analogous growth pattern is seen when reviewing the advent of Internet radio as well, with the 1995 creation of Real Audio software, allowing radio stations to send transmissions through the Internet instead of through other, more traditional processes (Priestman, 2001). While this was a huge breakthrough in technology and access to mediums previously controlled by geography and cost, it still made Internet radio dependent on positioning you had to be in front of a computer to listen (Wall, 2004). This lack of portability has somewhat been trumped by new WiFi radio options in the UK (Rose, 2005), exclusively that discussion is beyond the scope of this paper.Podcastings Origins Portable music devices first appeared in the late 90s (Van Buskirk, 2005) but it wasnt until Apples 2001 r elease of the iPod that podcasting became a household name. At that time, no other commercial venture had successfully sold legally forthcoming songs online and then facilitated transferring them onto a digital media device.Podcasting Success FactorsWe must go back in time to 1996 to determine just why MP3 players such as the iPod and podcasting in general took off at such an alarming rate. It was at this time when The Telecommunications Act of 1996 changed American radio forever by allowing companies to own more than quaternion radio stations in a specific market and more than forty nationwide, both of which were previous limiters (Mann, 2005).This allowed Clear Channel, one of the more infamous radio station consolidators, to merge well over one thousand stations across the U.S. using their tried-and-true content-weak system of providing lots of specifically targeted music to a specifically targeted consumer and the addition of even more commercial time. It seems evident, then, that radio listeners were well primed for an on-demand music service with fewer (or no) commercials without the WalMart of radio forcing listening decisions.How Has, and Will, Podcasting Changed Radio?In a sense, podcasting has changed radio into a new medium entirely. Now anyone, anywhere, with no prior radio, media or telecommunications knowledge can create a podcast for listeners around the world to enjoy, serve to and interact with. Plus, it has provided access to public figures in ways that radio couldnt previously, as with Vice- presidential candidate John Edwards kitchen table talks or President Bushs weekly radio addresses (see http//www.whitehouse.gov/radio).Future applications of podcasting technology are only limited by the accessibility of MP3 players and the ingenuity of the users. The next step of all-access, user-driven radio is to have the smaller hand-held devices download podcasts (technology which is just become operable now) through wireless technology. This wi ll work in tandem with current figurehead towards Wi-Max networks (where entire cities have wireless access availability instead of merely chosen hotspots), enabling users to save the costs of downloading content through their cellular call up providers or current fatport company. In fact, the Nokia N91 was to be released earlier this year with this same technology on board (Rose, 2005).Yet as MacFarland stated in 1997The settle will lie not so much in technical improvements to audio reproduction as in improvements to the product the audience is seeking program that is responsive to the listeners needs.Conventional radio stations have already picked up on this trend such as the Boston-based Jack FM which boasts an iPod-like random playlist complete with an I dont care attitude as shown by the DJs frequent mentions of the companys tag line Playing What We Want. Although podcasting may not reconnect traditional radio listeners with their radio roots (such as CBC has done in Cana da with Radio One), it may add increased interest on the part of listeners, intent on learning more about new media and music not previously gettable to them.Some media experts may feel that podcasting is the end of radio as we know it, but rather it should be looked at as new way, method, technology and available to connect intimately with an audience hard to pin down and even harder to communicate with. Works CitedB, Brecht. The Radio as an Apparatus of Communication. Radiotexte. Ed. Neil Strauss . New York Semiotext(e), 1993. reckon Podcasting. Google. Google. 30 Nov 2006 .Hammersley, B. Audible revolution. Guardian Unlimited Technology. 12 Feb 2004. Media Guardian. 30 Nov 2006 .Mann, Charles. The Ressurection of Indie Radio. Wired Magazine 13.03Mar 2005 30 Nov 2005.Priestman, Chris. Web Radio Production for Internet Streaming. capital of the United Kingdom Focal Press, 2001.Rose, Frank. Battle for the Soul of the MP3 Phone. Wired Magazine 13.11Nov 2005 30 Nov 2006.Terdiman, Dan iel. You, Too, Can Be a Podcaster. Wired News 31 Dec 2004 30 Nov 2006.Wall, T. The Political Economy of Internet Radio. The Radio Journal 2(2004) 27-44.Van Buskirk, Eliot. Introducing the Worlds First MP3 Player. MP3 Insider. 21 Jan 2005. CNET Reviews. 30 Nov 2006 .

Policy Development Paper

Policy Development newspaper publisher Policy Development Paper October 07, 2009 Policy Development Paper This paper go away be focused on a terrorism security polity for large events. This paper leave alone also include statistical, factual, and commonplace opinion history information which depart support my policy claim. All stake holders such as politicians, judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, punitive officers and administrators, law enforcement officers and administrators, victims, law- immutable citizens, volition be included in this paper.Further more than, their opinions as their opinion relates to my proposed policy and how government may impact my policy implementation. Addition altogethery, I will provide policy testimonys and the rationale for these tributes and their impact on contemporary criminal justices issues and globalization. Terrorism is violent acts which is used to create fear or terror. Terrorism is in truth dangerous because the people who use terrorism which atomic number 18 called terrorist do not fear for their own bearing in that respectfore, they will not care about anybody else life as wellspring. A terrorist is one that engages in unlawful use or threat of violence against the public as a politically motivated heart of attack (Peace takes Courage, 2009). Another thing about terrorism is that terrorism can come from anyone or any where. Terrorism is man made as well so we must also keep that in mind. All through history, there has been threats made about the security of many nations. The threats that were made and carried out corroborate caused a large scale loss of life, destroyed property, wide spread illness and injury, the displacement of large numbers of people, and lastly economic loss.When a pastoral is defileed by terrorism the loss is great rather the loss is of lives or money. Terrorism is a very scary thing and a very honorable thing as well because people who are terrorist do not care about any thing that condition and if they do not pay off the power they desire they will do what ever, they want until they get the power they want. The attacks of phratry 11, 2001 showed everyone in the United States that we were vulnerable to terrorist attacks. As a result of the attacks we bear right off created a way to fight back nd keep ourselves protected from terrorist. The first thing we did was create the Department of Homeland Security. There are one-third goals that are to prevent terrorist attacks in the United States. Next, they are to lessen the vulnerability to terrorism. The last goal of the Department of Homeland Security is to minimize the damage from voltage attacks and natural disasters. The next thing they did to tending keep us protected was create tool that is to keep everyone updated about terrorist threats. The tool is the color coded terrorism endangerment advisory scale.According to (the Department of Homeland Security) this scale was created in 2002, wi th the idea that it would help notify the American population the probability level of terrorist activity and or threat. For the most part seems that the warning stays at elevated and that many people score come to mock the system. Another thing that was created because of the terrorist attacks was the nationalist exemplify. The Patriot Act is a set of laws which are suppose to protect us, as a result of September 11, 2001.Another thing about the Patriot Act is that the Patriot Act is a 300 page document. According to (Girl, 2005) This is stated in Section 213 of the Patriot Act which allows for the government to delay the notification of search warrants. With the protection of the fourth amendment the authorities are supposed to notify you of the warrant by knocking on the door before entering your home. This does not exist with the Patriot Act. The authorities only need probable cause to search and seize anything within your premises or person. The Patriot Act is good in one way and bad in another way. The next thing that was created as a result of 9/11 is the Terrorism Risk insurance Act of 2002 (TRIA). Marked a departure from existing national catastrophe insurance market policy in several respects (Lakdawalla, Zanjani, 2005). Terrorism has caused a dope of nations to tighten up on their security which is a good thing because every citizen deserves to feel safe. All of the new security we currently have is good because as long as the security is tight we as a nation is safe.Terrorism is all about keeping people stimulate and feeling unsafe. This new policy will help end that feeling and make everyone feel comfortable. This new policy will be on the federal level because on the federal level more powers can be granted and we need more power when combating terrorism. Here is the policy rules All agencies are to report on a monthly basis to the head quarters. When there is a active threat each state must be warned. severally state must have some type of security precautions in place. All federal agents should be on the watch 24/7. There should be doubled the number of intelligence analysts and also tripled the amount of linguists within the entire agency. The agencies should also make sure that the terrorist financing is frozen because with out money their operations will have a very hard time surviving. All information must be shared with law enforcement and intelligence partners worldwide because they all need to be informed when their lives and their citizens lives are in danger after all that is why we are here in the first place to tally the safety of everyone. Lastly all agencies should also be on the look out for weapons of mass destructions by getting rid of their weapons they will not have a way to fight back weapons of mass destruction would include guns, bombs, dangerous toxics, missiles, and etc. this policy should be followed because this policy was created to help keep everyone safe. I would first like to say that implementation is the realization of an application, or execution of a plan, idea, model, design, specification, standard, algorithm, or policy.When this policy is about to be implemented politics make up a major role because politics will have to approve the policy. Politics will also have to approve funding for this policy without the help of politics my policy will not survive. Politics are needed when ever something has to pass into law. Politics also affect how problems are defined and if they will be on the governmental agenda for action. According to (Dievler, 2009) politics also affects the implementation process, not only in terms of coalitions and the media, but through the politics of the administrative or bureaucratic process as well. The next thing that would include the implementation of this policy would be law enforcement officers and administrators. They would be included because local anaesthetic law enforcement officers are needed to help keep the commu nities under control and to help with law and order. Local law enforcement officers are always needed because their phone line is to keep everyone safe. They must also enforce the law therefore they are the perfect candidates to help with my policy. Also the implementation of my policy.If the policy is implemented right there will not be any victims however, if there are some victims then they should follow the rules their government has in place. As well as the law- abiding citizens. If everyone follow procedure then there should not be any problems with the implementation of this policy. The policy which is titled the policy to prevent terrorist attacks was created to help keep everyone safe. This policy was also created to avoid being vulnerable like we were for 9/11. There were not any statistics to help with the implementation of this policy.However, the history of terrorism is a incompatible story. The history of terrorism is very different from terrorism today. In 1944, the terrorists group of Palestine, called the Zionists, were called freedom fighters and if you happened to look in the history there were two Israeli meridian ministers, including Menachem begin appearing in wanted posters that said terrorists, reward this much. According to (Terrorism- Research, 2009) The earliest known organization that exhibited aspects of a modern terrorist organization was the Zealots of Judea.Known to the Romans as sicarii, or dagger-men , they carried on an underground campaign of assassination of Roman occupation forces, as well as any Jews they felt had collaborated with the Romans. Their motive was an uncompromising judgement that they could not remain faithful to the dictates of Judaism while living as Roman subjects. The history of terrorism is very different from the terrorism of today. Also according to (Terrorism- Research, 2009) The french Revolution provided the first uses of the words Terrorist and Terrorism.Use of the word terrorism began in 179 5 in reference to the Reign of Terror initiated by the Revolutionary government. The agents of the commission of Public Safety and the National Convention that enforced the policies of The Terror were referred to as Terrorists. As for public opinion they are all over the place. However, the public is more worried about another terrorist attack more than anything else. Therefore, the public is willing to accept any policy as long as the policy will keep them safe. And because of that politics take advantage mainly because they know that people will make a sacrifice if their safety is in danger.According to (Girl, 2005) The events of September 11, 2001 have forever changed the way that we as Americans look at outsiders. We have become skeptical of anyone who is not as we expect them to be. In short public opinion is driven by fear and if the bigger the fear the more people are terrified. If the terrorist threats are weak the public is not afraid but if the terrorist threats are str ong and powerful the public will be very afraid and they will give the terrorist all the power they need. That is the public opinion on terrorism.Now, I will attempt to give policy recommendations and the rationale for these recommendations and their impact on contemporary criminal justices issues and globalization. There are not to many recommendations I can give on policing however, I will try to. One recommendation would be to make a policy that do not harm or rights this is important because our rights are all we have and if they are taken away we will not have anything. Our rights are very important. The next policy recommendation would be to make sure everyone is save safety is very important.Another good policy recommendation would be to create policies that will thingumabob terrorist quicker. As for the first recommendation the rationale is that according to (Girl, 2005) There are many violations but one of the most controversial is the violation against our fourth amendmen t rights. This recommendation do not interfere with the criminal justice system or globalization. There are not a rationale for the imprimatur recommendation and the second recommendation do not effect globalization.There also is not a rationale for the last recommendation as well and the last recommendation do not interfere with the criminal justice and the last recommendation do not effect globalization. Globalization has made way for free hatful and business and has communication between various parts of the globe. Therefore, globalization will not have any thing to do with the policy recommendations I have made. In conclusion, I would like to say that terrorism is very bad and very scary as well. Terrorism can cause a lot of damage and harm a lot of people. All major points were talked about in this paper.The policy I created was also included and to me the policy I created was charming good. Lastly, I discussed the politics a lot more than anything else mainly because polit ics play a major role in policy making. Well, this concludes my paper I hope you enjoyed reading this paper because I did put a lot of work into this paper. References Dievler, A. (2009). Politics and Policy Making. Retrieved on October 08, 2009. From http//www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov/pagerender. fcgi? artid=1508936&pageindex=1 Girl, M. (2005). Terrorism and Policy. Retrieved on October 8, 2009.From http//www. associatedcontent. com/ member/14236/terrorism_and_policy. html? cat=37 Lakdawalla, D. , Zanjani, G. (2005). Terrorism insurance policy and the public good. Retrieved on October 09, 2009. From http//works. bepress. com/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1032&context=darius_lakdawalla Peace takes Courage. (2009). What is a Terrorist? Retrieved on October 9, 2009. From http//www. peacetakescourage. com/terrorist. html Terrorism- Research. (2009). former(a) history of terrorism. Retrieved on October 09, 2009. From http//www. terrorism-research. com/history/early. php

Explain How Communication Affects Relationships Essay

Communication affects relationships at work in a big way. Communicating in a positive manner exit give me a very different response to communicating in a negative manner, it is also important that I alter the way i evanesce dependant on who I am speaking to as everybody will respond differently to different styles and variations of communication. One of the parts of my job is to communicate with my colleagues. I must insure that as the environment I work in can and often is stressful, that I speak in a hush up manner and that I am clear and concise. By doing this I lessen the chance of information that I passed on being misheard or misunderstood and by being calm I have a reassuring effect on my colleagues.When speaking to families of patient I must insure that I an reason and come across friendly and professional as a hefty relationship with a patients family can have positive effect on the patients because it is important that families understand the patients treatment plan a nd how they can have positive influence on the patient. I must communicate with the patients in the about effective way possible. As a health Care worker I need to be able to build trust and a good relationship with those I look after. It is important that I use variation of communication skills to relay what I am trying to get across, this will service of process the patient understand what is be communicated and in turn will help the patient communicate there needs.

Princess de Cleves , Tartuffe, Nathan the Wise: a study of Irony Essay

In Princess de cleves which is believed to be written by Madam La Fayette ridicule has been employ to describe the heroine who is torn between her province and love. While her heart is passionate about her lover, her sense of duty towards her husband and above all the societal norms forbade her to do so. In the very archetypal scene the generator describes about the splendor and magnificence of the court of Henry II ,it is inhabited by beautiful ladies and tolerant gallants.The heroine gets impressed by it tho her mother warns her against false appearances because she knows that outwardly these masses ar attractive but inwardly they are all jealous of each other. If you judge by appearances in this placeyou go forth often be deceived, because what appeals to be the fountain hardly ever is. (Introduction, Princess de cleves by Penguin Classics pg. 4). Here we see a form of situational irony because the princess takes the outward appearances of people to be their true self while they are kinda contrary to it.Again when she refuses to see Nemours but he is brought to her room by her own husband it is a dramatic irony for the husband who is unaware that Nemours is his wifes lover. Princess de Cleves questions the false norms of the society which demand that princess should descend the path of duty while heart yearns for love. Her world is ruined by her passion but throughout the novel she pretends that she is in control of her life. In the end her mothers words what appeals to be the case hardly ever is are applicable to her as well. Jazz 2Tartuffe, a comedy by Moliere mocks at the people who are befooled by hypocrites in the name of religion. In Act I when Orgon returns home, he asks his maid Dorine about the news of the family, Dorine reports that Madam was down with fever and headache but Orgon is more have-to doe with about his friend and mentor Tartuffes health. Dorine reports that he is well but Orgon says that he is a scant(p) man. The dialo gue continues and Dorine reports that Madam could not take her supper nor could she sleep but Tartuffe ate up two patridges and half(a) a leg of mutton and slept quite well Orgon again calls him poor man. We experience a vocal irony in the following comment by Dorine they are both doing well and Ill go straightway and inform my mistress how pleased you are at her recovery. ( by Wilbur ActI , Scene II) In the close scene when Orgon is talking to Cleante , he says that Tartuffe has totally transformed him and now he has no love for his wife, kidren or mother he can even see them dying without caring a snap to which Cleante replies Your feelings are humane , I must say brother ( by Wilbur ActI , scene VI).Here we see a verbal comedy because Cleante actually means it is inhuman. Through the irony in this play Moliere emphasizes that people should not be gullible to religious zealots, as Cleante says that wise men do not bushel noise of their deeds of honor and ones who do so are ac tually hypocrites fooling people. Jazz 3 In the poem Nathan the wise Lessing questions the reality of all the religions. When all the religions believe in divinity and so why each considers his religion to be superior?This is itself an irony. In act III when Nathan appears before sultan Saladin he thinks that he will be asked to part with his money because he has been told by Al Hafi that sultan just wants to rob people and Nathan is just like any other trader who supplies him with money . On the contrary sultan asks him to answer his question which religion is better or is preferred by Nathan because sultan considers Nathan as a wise man who can answer his questions.This may be described as a form of structural irony where the unexpected thing happens . As Nathan says I came prepared with cash-he asks truth. equity? as if truth too were casha coin disud( Taylor and Lewes, Act III). Lessing uses structural irony in Act IV when Friar tells Nathan that he is the same man who gave h im the girl child. Nathan says that his own family was destroy alive by Christians but he brought up the Christian girl as his own child and looked after her lovingly.Friar is touched and says that Nathan is a true Christian. Nathan you are a true Christian Yes, by God Nathan Heaven bless us What makes me to you a Christian makes you to me a jew. (Taylor and Lewes, act IV). Here they are praising again their own religions but fail to realize the oneness of their Gods. This poem gives a absolute message that we have different religions and faiths and we consider our religion to be superior which teaches us to worship our God but who , ironically is one .Works Cited Cave , Terence (translator) Princess de cleves Oxford world classics. UK (13 march ,2009) La Fayette. The Princess de Cleves Penguin classicsUK. (first published, March 1678) Lessing Ephraim Gotthold. Nathan the well-advised translated by Taylor William And Lewes lee Charles, Leipzig 1868. (14 march 2009) Wilbur, Rich ard(translator) Tartuffe comedy in five acts A Harvest/HBJ book( first published 1669)